Debian网络PXE批量安装

Debian PXE 批量安装

yzx 收录于类别 Linux

2026年03月09日约 4874 字预计阅读 10 分钟

Debian PXE 网络批量安装

1 所需服务安装和配置

1.1 配置固定 IP 地址

传统配置：/etc/network/interfaces

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# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

#allow-hotplug ens32
#iface ens32 inet dhcp

# The primary network interface
auto ens32
iface ens32 inet static
    address 192.168.99.30
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    gateway 192.168.99.1
    dns-nameservers 223.5.5.5 114.114.114.114

若是 DNS 配置 /etc/resolv.conf 未生效，需要手动配置或安装 resolvconf 包：手动配置 /etc/resolv.conf

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domain localdomain
nameserver 192.168.99.2

在 Debian 系统中，/etc/network/interfaces 里的 dns-* 配置项，默认是由 resolvconf 这个服务负责翻译并写入 /etc/resolv.conf 的。安装 resolvconf 包

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apt-get install -y resolvconf
# 启用 resolvconf 服务并开机自启
systemctl enable --now resolvconf
# 重启 resolvconf 服务
systemctl restart resolvconf

重启网络服务

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systemctl restart networking

1.2 DHCP 服务安装和配置

1.2.1 安装 DHCP 服务

安装 DHCP 服务 isc-dhcp-server 包

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apt-get install -y isc-dhcp-server

systemctl enable --now isc-dhcp-server

启动报错指定网卡名称

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# 编辑 /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server 文件，指定网卡名称
INTERFACESv4="ens32"
INTERFACESv6=""

查看 DHCP 启动日志

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# 查看 isc-dhcp-server 服务的所有日志
journalctl -u isc-dhcp-server
# 实时滚动查看最新日志（类似 tail -f）
journalctl -u isc-dhcp-server -f
# 查看最后 50 行日志
journalctl -u isc-dhcp-server -n 50
# 配置文件语法检查
dhcpd -t

1.2.2 配置 DHCP PXE 服务

编辑 DHCP 配置文件 /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

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log-facility local7;

option space pxelinux;
option pxelinux.magic code 208 = string;
option pxelinux.configfile code 209 = text;
option pxelinux.pathprefix code 210 = text;
option pxelinux.reboottime code 211 = unsigned integer 32;
option architecture-type code 93 = unsigned integer 16;

subnet 192.168.99.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
    range 192.168.99.100 192.168.99.200;
    option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
    option routers 192.168.99.2;
    option domain-name-servers 223.5.5.5;

    # TFTP 服务器地址
    next-server 192.168.99.30;
    # 根据架构类型分发启动文件
    if option architecture-type = 00:07 {
        # EFI x86-64
        filename "debian-installer/amd64/bootnetx64.efi";
    } elsif option architecture-type = 00:09 {
        # EFI x86-64 (备用标识)
        filename "debian-installer/amd64/bootnetx64.efi";
    } else {
        # Legacy BIOS
        filename "bios/pxelinux.0";
    }
    # TFTP服务器IP
    #next-server 192.168.99.30;
    # PXE启动文件
    #filename "pxelinux.0";
}

重启 DHCP 服务

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systemctl restart isc-dhcp-server

1.3 Nginx 安装和配置

1.3.1 安装 Nginx 服务

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apt-get install -y nginx squashfs-tools

1.3.2 Nginx 配置

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mkdir -p /srv/www/{preseed,debian12,debian13}

debian12.13.0 网络安装 ISO 下载链接

debian13.2.0 网络安装 ISO 下载链接

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cat > /etc/nginx/conf.d/debian-pxe.conf << EOF
server {
    listen 8080 default_server;
    listen [::]:8080 default_server;
    
    server_name _;
    
    # Preseed配置文件
    location /preseed {
        alias /srv/www/preseed;
        autoindex on;
    }
    
    # Debian 12 (bookworm)
    location /debian12/ {
        alias /srv/www/debian12/;
        autoindex on;
        autoindex_exact_size off;
        autoindex_localtime on;
    }

    # Debian 13 (trixie)
    location /debian13/ {
        alias /srv/www/debian13/;
        autoindex on;
        autoindex_exact_size off;
        autoindex_localtime on;
    }
    
    # 健康检查
    location /health {
        return 200 'OK';
        add_header Content-Type text/plain;
    }
}
EOF

1.4 TFTP 服务安装和配置

1.4.1 安装 TFTP 服务

安装 TFTP 服务 tftpd-hpa 包

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apt-get install -y tftpd-hpa
systemctl enable tftpd-hpa
systemctl restart tftpd-hpa

journalctl -u tftpd-hpa -f

1.4.2 配置 TFTP 服务

编辑 TFTP 配置文件 /etc/default/tftpd-hpa

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TFTP_USERNAME="tftp"
TFTP_DIRECTORY="/srv/tftp"
TFTP_ADDRESS="0.0.0.0:69"
TFTP_OPTIONS="--secure -l"

1.4.3 配置 TFTP 目录结构和引导文件

TFTP 目录结构

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/srv/tftp/
├── efi/
│   ├── bootx64.efi           # UEFI启动文件
│   ├── grubx64.efi           # GRUB EFI
│   ├── grub.cfg              # GRUB配置
│   └── grub/                 # GRUB模块
│       ├── efi_gop.mod
│       ├── efi_uga.mod
│       └── ...
├── bios/
│   ├── pxelinux.0            # Legacy BIOS启动文件
│   ├── vesamenu.c32
│   ├── ldlinux.c32
│   ├── libutil.c32
│   ├── vmlinuz               # 内核
│   ├── initrd.gz             # 初始化镜像
│   └── pxelinux.cfg/
│       └── default           # Legacy BIOS菜单
├── debian/
│   ├── ...                   # netboot.iso
│   ├── initrd.gz             # 初始化镜像

创建 TFTP 目录结构

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mkdir -p /srv/tftp/{bios,efi,debian}
chown -R tftp:tftp /srv/tftp

启动加载器关系

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BIOS PXE   → pxelinux.0
UEFI PXE   → bootnetx64.efi
SecureBoot → shimx64.efi

下载 debian 网络 PXE 安装内核

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cd /srv/tftp/debian
wget http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/dists/stable/main/installer-amd64/current/images/netboot/netboot.tar.gz
tar -xzf netboot.tar.gz

# debian 12 - bookworm
wget https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/dists/bookworm/main/installer-amd64/current/images/netboot/netboot.tar.gz

# debian 13 - trixie
wget https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/dists/trixie/main/installer-amd64/current/images/netboot/netboot.tar.gz

1.4.3.1 BIOS 模式

bios 目录下放置 Legacy BIOS 启动文件

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# pxelinux.0 → ldlinux.c32 → pxelinux.cfg → kernel
cp /srv/tftp/debian/{pxelinux.0,ldlinux.c32,splash.png} /srv/tftp/bios/
cp /srv/tftp/debian/debian-installer/amd64/boot-screens/{vesamenu.c32,libcom32.c32,libutil.c32} /srv/tftp/bios/

mkdir -p /srv/tftp/bios/debian13
# default -> debian12
cp /srv/tftp/debian/debian-installer/amd64/{linux,initrd.gz} /srv/tftp/bios/

mkdir -p /srv/tftp/bios/pxelinux.cfg
touch /srv/tftp/bios/pxelinux.cfg/default

bios/pxelinux.cfg/default 文件内容

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# /srv/tftp/bios/pxelinux.cfg/default
PROMPT 0
TIMEOUT 50
default vesamenu.c32

MENU TITLE PXE Boot Menu
MENU BACKGROUND splash.png

LABEL debian12
    MENU default
    MENU LABEL ^Automated Debian 12 Install
    KERNEL linux
    APPEND initrd=initrd.gz url=http://192.168.99.30/preseed/preseed-debian12-bios.cfg interface=auto auto=true priority=critical DEBCONF_DEBUG=5
LABEL debian13
    MENU LABEL ^Automated Debian 13 Install
    KERNEL linux
    APPEND initrd=initrd.gz url=http://192.168.99.30/preseed/preseed-debian13-bios.cfg interface=auto auto=true priority=critical DEBCONF_DEBUG=5
LABEL local
    menu label ^Boot from Local Disk
    localboot 0
    timeout 50

1.4.3.2 EFI 模式

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cp -a /srv/tftp/debian/debian-installer/ /srv/tftp/

grub.cfg GRUB 配置文件

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# vim /srv/tftp/debian-installer/amd64/grub/grub.cfg
set default=0
set timeout=5

menuentry "Automated Debian 12 Install" {
  linux /debian-installer/amd64/linux auto=true priority=critical url=http://10.10.10.30:8080/preseed/preseed-debian12-efi.cfg
  initrd /debian-installer/amd64/initrd.gz
}

menuentry "Automated Debian 13 Install" {
  linux /debian-installer/amd64/linux auto=true priority=critical url=http://10.10.10.30:8080/preseed/preseed-debian13-efi.cfg
  initrd /debian-installer/amd64/initrd.gz
}

2 Debian preseed 文件配置

2.1 BIOS 模式 preseed 文件

2.1.1 Debian 12

/srv/www/preseed/preseed-debian12-bios.cfg 配置文件编辑

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# vim /srv/www/preseed/preseed-debian12-bios.cfg
# 设置非交互模式和关键优先级
d-i debconf debconf/priority select critical
d-i debconf debconf/frontend select noninteractive

# ==================== 禁用CD-ROM检测 ====================
d-i cdrom-detect/cdrom_mounted boolean true
d-i cdrom-detect/try-hd boolean true
d-i cdrom-detect/hd-mount boolean true
d-i apt-setup/cdrom/set-first boolean false
d-i apt-setup/cdrom/set-double boolean false
d-i apt-setup/cdrom/set-failed boolean false

# ==================== 本地化设置 ====================
d-i debian-installer/language string en
d-i debian-installer/country string CN
d-i debian-installer/locale string en_US.UTF-8
d-i localechooser/supported-locales multiselect en_US.UTF-8, zh_CN.UTF-8

# 键盘布局
d-i keyboard-configuration/xkb-keymap select us
d-i keyboard-configuration/variant select us

# ==================== 网络设置 ====================
d-i netcfg/choose_interface select auto
d-i netcfg/dhcp_timeout string 60
d-i netcfg/get_hostname string debian
d-i netcfg/get_domain string localdomain
d-i netcfg/wireless_show_essids select manual

# ==================== 镜像源设置 ====================
#d-i mirror/protocol string http
#d-i mirror/country string manual
#d-i mirror/http/hostname string 10.10.10.30:8080
#d-i mirror/http/directory string /debian12/
#d-i mirror/http/proxy string
# -> http://10.10.10.30:8080/debian12/dists/stable/Release

# 跳过镜像选择对话框
d-i mirror/skip-question boolean true

d-i mirror/country string manual
d-i mirror/http/hostname string deb.debian.org
#d-i mirror/http/hostname string mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
d-i mirror/http/directory string /debian
d-i mirror/http/proxy string

# 指定 Debian 版本为 13 (trixie) / 12 (bookworm)
d-i mirror/suite string bookworm
#d-i mirror/suite string trixie

# ==================== 时区和时钟 ====================
d-i clock-setup/utc boolean true
d-i time/zone string Asia/Shanghai
d-i clock-setup/ntp boolean true
d-i clock-setup/ntp-server string ntp.aliyun.com

# 分区
d-i partman-auto/method string lvm
# 选择要分区的磁盘
d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/sda
# 使用整个磁盘
d-i partman-auto-lvm/guided_size string max
# 使用 XFS 文件系统（默认）
d-i partman/default_filesystem string xfs
# 使用 MSDOS 分区表格式（MBR）
d-i partman-partitioning/choose_label string msdos

# 自定义服务器分区
# 分区方案名称 :: \
#     最小大小 优先大小 最大大小 文件系统类型 \
#         标志{ } \
#         方法{ 方法 } 格式化{ } \
#         使用文件系统{ } 文件系统{ 文件系统类型 } \
#         挂载点{ 挂载点 } \
#     . \
# 自定义分区方案：boot 500MB, swap 2GB, / 剩余全部
d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string \
    lvm :: \
        500 500 500 ext4 \
            $primary{ } $bootable{ } \
            method{ format } format{ } \
            use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext4 } \
            mountpoint{ /boot } \
        . \
        2048 2048 2048 linux-swap \
            $lvmok{ } \
            method{ swap } format{ } \
        . \
        100% 100% 100% xfs \
            $lvmok{ } \
            method{ format } format{ } \
            use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ xfs } \
            mountpoint{ / } \
        .

# 删除现有分区和 LVM
d-i partman-lvm/device_remove_lvm boolean true
d-i partman-lvm/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
d-i partman-lvm/confirm boolean true

# 清空磁盘分区表
d-i partman-partitioning/confirm_write_new_label boolean true
d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
d-i partman/choose_partition select finish
d-i partman/confirm boolean true

# ==================== 用户账户 ====================
# Root用户
d-i passwd/root-login boolean true
d-i passwd/root-password password luck
d-i passwd/root-password-again password luck

# 普通用户（可选）
d-i passwd/user-fullname string luck
d-i passwd/username string luck
d-i passwd/user-password password luck
d-i passwd/user-password-again password luck
d-i passwd/user-uid string 1000

# ==================== 软件包安装 ====================
# 禁用流行度调查
popularity-contest popularity-contest/participate boolean false
d-i apt-setup/services-select multiselect security, updates
d-i apt-setup/security_host string security.debian.org

# 软件包选择
tasksel tasksel/first multiselect standard, ssh-server
d-i pkgsel/include string openssh-server vim curl wget sudo net-tools
d-i pkgsel/upgrade select full-upgrade
d-i pkgsel/update-policy select none
d-i pkgsel/updatedb boolean true

# ==================== GRUB引导器 ====================
d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean true
d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean true
d-i grub-installer/bootdev string /dev/sda

# ==================== 完成安装 ====================
d-i finish-install/reboot_in_progress note
d-i cdrom-detect/eject boolean true

2.1.2 Debian 13

/srv/www/preseed/preseed-debian13-bios.cfg 配置文件编辑

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# vim /srv/www/preseed/preseed-debian13-bios.cfg
# 设置非交互模式和关键优先级
d-i debconf debconf/priority select critical
d-i debconf debconf/frontend select noninteractive

# ==================== 禁用CD-ROM检测 ====================
d-i cdrom-detect/cdrom_mounted boolean true
d-i cdrom-detect/try-hd boolean true
d-i cdrom-detect/hd-mount boolean true
d-i apt-setup/cdrom/set-first boolean false
d-i apt-setup/cdrom/set-double boolean false
d-i apt-setup/cdrom/set-failed boolean false

# ==================== 本地化设置 ====================
d-i debian-installer/language string en
d-i debian-installer/country string CN
d-i debian-installer/locale string en_US.UTF-8
d-i localechooser/supported-locales multiselect en_US.UTF-8, zh_CN.UTF-8

# 键盘布局
d-i keyboard-configuration/xkb-keymap select us
d-i keyboard-configuration/variant select us

# ==================== 网络设置 ====================
d-i netcfg/choose_interface select auto
d-i netcfg/dhcp_timeout string 60
d-i netcfg/get_hostname string debian
d-i netcfg/get_domain string localdomain
d-i netcfg/wireless_show_essids select manual

# ==================== 镜像源设置 ====================
#d-i mirror/protocol string http
#d-i mirror/country string manual
#d-i mirror/http/hostname string 10.10.10.30:8080
#d-i mirror/http/directory string /debian12/
#d-i mirror/http/proxy string
# -> http://10.10.10.30:8080/debian12/dists/stable/Release

# 跳过镜像选择对话框
d-i mirror/skip-question boolean true

d-i mirror/country string manual
d-i mirror/http/hostname string deb.debian.org
#d-i mirror/http/hostname string mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
d-i mirror/http/directory string /debian
d-i mirror/http/proxy string

# 指定 Debian 版本为 13 (trixie) / 12 (bookworm)
#d-i mirror/suite string bookworm
d-i mirror/suite string trixie

# ==================== 时区和时钟 ====================
d-i clock-setup/utc boolean true
d-i time/zone string Asia/Shanghai
d-i clock-setup/ntp boolean true
d-i clock-setup/ntp-server string ntp.aliyun.com

# 分区
d-i partman-auto/method string lvm
# 选择要分区的磁盘
d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/sda
# 使用整个磁盘
d-i partman-auto-lvm/guided_size string max
# 使用 XFS 文件系统（默认）
d-i partman/default_filesystem string xfs
# 使用 MSDOS 分区表格式（MBR）
d-i partman-partitioning/choose_label string msdos

# 自定义服务器分区
# 分区方案名称 :: \
#     最小大小 优先大小 最大大小 文件系统类型 \
#         标志{ } \
#         方法{ 方法 } 格式化{ } \
#         使用文件系统{ } 文件系统{ 文件系统类型 } \
#         挂载点{ 挂载点 } \
#     . \
# 自定义分区方案：boot 500MB, swap 2GB, / 剩余全部
d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string \
    lvm :: \
        500 500 500 ext4 \
            $primary{ } $bootable{ } \
            method{ format } format{ } \
            use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext4 } \
            mountpoint{ /boot } \
        . \
        2048 2048 2048 linux-swap \
            $lvmok{ } \
            method{ swap } format{ } \
        . \
        100% 100% 100% xfs \
            $lvmok{ } \
            method{ format } format{ } \
            use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ xfs } \
            mountpoint{ / } \
        .

# 删除现有分区和 LVM
d-i partman-lvm/device_remove_lvm boolean true
d-i partman-lvm/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
d-i partman-lvm/confirm boolean true

# 清空磁盘分区表
d-i partman-partitioning/confirm_write_new_label boolean true
d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
d-i partman/choose_partition select finish
d-i partman/confirm boolean true

# ==================== 用户账户 ====================
# Root用户
d-i passwd/root-login boolean true
d-i passwd/root-password password luck
d-i passwd/root-password-again password luck

# 普通用户（可选）
d-i passwd/user-fullname string luck
d-i passwd/username string luck
d-i passwd/user-password password luck
d-i passwd/user-password-again password luck
d-i passwd/user-uid string 1000

# ==================== 软件包安装 ====================
# 禁用流行度调查
popularity-contest popularity-contest/participate boolean false
d-i apt-setup/services-select multiselect security, updates
d-i apt-setup/security_host string security.debian.org

# 软件包选择
tasksel tasksel/first multiselect standard, ssh-server
d-i pkgsel/include string openssh-server vim curl wget sudo net-tools
d-i pkgsel/upgrade select full-upgrade
d-i pkgsel/update-policy select none
d-i pkgsel/updatedb boolean true

# ==================== GRUB引导器 ====================
d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean true
d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean true
d-i grub-installer/bootdev string /dev/sda

# ==================== 完成安装 ====================
d-i finish-install/reboot_in_progress note
d-i cdrom-detect/eject boolean true

2.2 EFI 模式 preseed 文件

2.2.1 Debian 12

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# vim /srv/www/preseed/preseed-debian12-efi.cfg
# 设置非交互模式和关键优先级
d-i debconf debconf/priority select critical
d-i debconf debconf/frontend select noninteractive

# ==================== 禁用CD-ROM检测 ====================
d-i cdrom-detect/cdrom_mounted boolean true
d-i cdrom-detect/try-hd boolean true
d-i cdrom-detect/hd-mount boolean true
d-i apt-setup/cdrom/set-first boolean false
d-i apt-setup/cdrom/set-double boolean false
d-i apt-setup/cdrom/set-failed boolean false

# ==================== 本地化设置 ====================
d-i debian-installer/language string en
d-i debian-installer/country string CN
d-i debian-installer/locale string en_US.UTF-8
d-i localechooser/supported-locales multiselect en_US.UTF-8, zh_CN.UTF-8

# 键盘布局
d-i keyboard-configuration/xkb-keymap select us
d-i keyboard-configuration/variant select us

# ==================== 网络设置 ====================
d-i netcfg/choose_interface select auto
d-i netcfg/dhcp_timeout string 60
d-i netcfg/get_hostname string debian
d-i netcfg/get_domain string localdomain
d-i netcfg/wireless_show_essids select manual

# ==================== 镜像源设置 ====================
#d-i mirror/protocol string http
#d-i mirror/country string manual
#d-i mirror/http/hostname string 10.10.10.30:8080
#d-i mirror/http/directory string /debian12/
#d-i mirror/http/proxy string
# -> http://10.10.10.30:8080/debian12/dists/stable/Release

# 跳过镜像选择对话框
d-i mirror/skip-question boolean true

d-i mirror/country string manual
#d-i mirror/http/hostname string deb.debian.org
d-i mirror/http/hostname string mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
d-i mirror/http/directory string /debian
d-i mirror/http/proxy string

# 指定 Debian 版本为 13 (trixie) / 12 (bookworm)
d-i mirror/suite string bookworm
#d-i mirror/suite string trixie

# ==================== 时区和时钟 ====================
d-i clock-setup/utc boolean true
d-i time/zone string Asia/Shanghai
d-i clock-setup/ntp boolean true
d-i clock-setup/ntp-server string ntp.aliyun.com

# 分区
d-i partman-auto/method string lvm
# 选择要分区的磁盘
d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/sda
# 使用整个磁盘
d-i partman-auto-lvm/guided_size string max
# 使用 XFS 文件系统（默认）
d-i partman/default_filesystem string xfs
# msdos - 使用 MSDOS 分区表格式（MBR）
# gpt - GUID Partition Table（现代分区表，支持 EFI/UEFI 和大于 2TB 磁盘）
d-i partman-partitioning/choose_label string gpt

# 自定义服务器分区
# 分区方案名称 :: \
#     最小大小 优先大小 最大大小 文件系统类型 \
#         标志{ } \
#         方法{ 方法 } 格式化{ } \
#         使用文件系统{ } 文件系统{ 文件系统类型 } \
#         挂载点{ 挂载点 } \
#     . \
# $lvmok{ } 不是文件系统类型，也不是大小，它只是告诉 installer：“这个分区可以加入卷组 (VG) 并创建逻辑卷 (LV)”。
# 自定义分区方案：boot 500MB, swap 2GB, / 剩余全部
d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string \
    lvm :: \
       512 512 512 fat32 \
            $primary{ } $bootable{ } \
            method{ efi } format{ } \
            mountpoint{ /boot/efi } label{ efi } \
        . \
        512 512 512 ext4 \
            $primary{ } \
            method{ format } format{ } \
            use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext4 } \
            mountpoint{ /boot } \
        . \
        2048 2048 2048 linux-swap \
            method{ swap } format{ } \
        . \
        100% 100% -1 xfs \
            $lvmok{ } \
            method{ format } format{ } \
            use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ xfs } \
            mountpoint{ / } \
        .

# 删除现有分区和 LVM
d-i partman-lvm/device_remove_lvm boolean true
d-i partman-lvm/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
d-i partman-lvm/confirm boolean true

# 清空磁盘分区表
d-i partman/confirm_write_new_label boolean true
d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
d-i partman/choose_partition select finish
d-i partman/confirm boolean true

# ==================== 用户账户 ====================
# Root用户
d-i passwd/root-login boolean true
d-i passwd/root-password password luck
d-i passwd/root-password-again password luck

# 普通用户（可选）
d-i passwd/user-fullname string luck
d-i passwd/username string luck
d-i passwd/user-password password luck
d-i passwd/user-password-again password luck
d-i passwd/user-uid string 1000

# ==================== 软件包安装 ====================
# 禁用流行度调查
popularity-contest popularity-contest/participate boolean false
d-i apt-setup/services-select multiselect security, updates
d-i apt-setup/security_host string security.debian.org

# 软件包选择
tasksel tasksel/first multiselect standard, ssh-server
d-i pkgsel/include string openssh-server vim curl wget sudo net-tools
d-i pkgsel/upgrade select full-upgrade
d-i pkgsel/update-policy select none
d-i pkgsel/updatedb boolean true

# ==================== GRUB引导器 ====================
d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean true
d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean true
d-i grub-installer/bootdev string /dev/sda

# ==================== 完成安装 ====================
d-i finish-install/reboot_in_progress note
d-i cdrom-detect/eject boolean true

2.2.2 Debian 13

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# vim /srv/www/preseed/preseed-debian12-efi.cfg
# 设置非交互模式和关键优先级
d-i debconf debconf/priority select critical
d-i debconf debconf/frontend select noninteractive

# ==================== 禁用CD-ROM检测 ====================
d-i cdrom-detect/cdrom_mounted boolean true
d-i cdrom-detect/try-hd boolean true
d-i cdrom-detect/hd-mount boolean true
d-i apt-setup/cdrom/set-first boolean false
d-i apt-setup/cdrom/set-double boolean false
d-i apt-setup/cdrom/set-failed boolean false

# ==================== 本地化设置 ====================
d-i debian-installer/language string en
d-i debian-installer/country string CN
d-i debian-installer/locale string en_US.UTF-8
d-i localechooser/supported-locales multiselect en_US.UTF-8, zh_CN.UTF-8

# 键盘布局
d-i keyboard-configuration/xkb-keymap select us
d-i keyboard-configuration/variant select us

# ==================== 网络设置 ====================
d-i netcfg/choose_interface select auto
d-i netcfg/dhcp_timeout string 60
d-i netcfg/get_hostname string debian
d-i netcfg/get_domain string localdomain
d-i netcfg/wireless_show_essids select manual

# ==================== 镜像源设置 ====================
#d-i mirror/protocol string http
#d-i mirror/country string manual
#d-i mirror/http/hostname string 10.10.10.30:8080
#d-i mirror/http/directory string /debian12/
#d-i mirror/http/proxy string
# -> http://10.10.10.30:8080/debian12/dists/stable/Release

# 跳过镜像选择对话框
d-i mirror/skip-question boolean true

d-i mirror/country string manual
#d-i mirror/http/hostname string deb.debian.org
d-i mirror/http/hostname string mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
d-i mirror/http/directory string /debian
d-i mirror/http/proxy string

# 指定 Debian 版本为 13 (trixie) / 12 (bookworm)
#d-i mirror/suite string bookworm
d-i mirror/suite string trixie

# ==================== 时区和时钟 ====================
d-i clock-setup/utc boolean true
d-i time/zone string Asia/Shanghai
d-i clock-setup/ntp boolean true
d-i clock-setup/ntp-server string ntp.aliyun.com

# 分区
d-i partman-auto/method string lvm
# 选择要分区的磁盘
d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/sda
# 使用整个磁盘
d-i partman-auto-lvm/guided_size string max
# 使用 XFS 文件系统（默认）
d-i partman/default_filesystem string xfs
# msdos - 使用 MSDOS 分区表格式（MBR）
# gpt - GUID Partition Table（现代分区表，支持 EFI/UEFI 和大于 2TB 磁盘）
d-i partman-partitioning/choose_label string gpt

# 自定义服务器分区
# 分区方案名称 :: \
#     最小大小 优先大小 最大大小 文件系统类型 \
#         标志{ } \
#         方法{ 方法 } 格式化{ } \
#         使用文件系统{ } 文件系统{ 文件系统类型 } \
#         挂载点{ 挂载点 } \
#     . \
# $lvmok{ } 不是文件系统类型，也不是大小，它只是告诉 installer：“这个分区可以加入卷组 (VG) 并创建逻辑卷 (LV)”。
# 自定义分区方案：boot 500MB, swap 2GB, / 剩余全部
d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string \
    lvm :: \
       512 512 512 fat32 \
            $primary{ } $bootable{ } \
            method{ efi } format{ } \
            mountpoint{ /boot/efi } label{ efi } \
        . \
        512 512 512 ext4 \
            $primary{ } \
            method{ format } format{ } \
            use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext4 } \
            mountpoint{ /boot } \
        . \
        2048 2048 2048 linux-swap \
            method{ swap } format{ } \
        . \
        100% 100% -1 xfs \
            $lvmok{ } \
            method{ format } format{ } \
            use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ xfs } \
            mountpoint{ / } \
        .

# 删除现有分区和 LVM
d-i partman-lvm/device_remove_lvm boolean true
d-i partman-lvm/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
d-i partman-lvm/confirm boolean true

# 清空磁盘分区表
d-i partman/confirm_write_new_label boolean true
d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
d-i partman/choose_partition select finish
d-i partman/confirm boolean true

# ==================== 用户账户 ====================
# Root用户
d-i passwd/root-login boolean true
d-i passwd/root-password password luck
d-i passwd/root-password-again password luck

# 普通用户（可选）
d-i passwd/user-fullname string luck
d-i passwd/username string luck
d-i passwd/user-password password luck
d-i passwd/user-password-again password luck
d-i passwd/user-uid string 1000

# ==================== 软件包安装 ====================
# 禁用流行度调查
popularity-contest popularity-contest/participate boolean false
d-i apt-setup/services-select multiselect security, updates
d-i apt-setup/security_host string security.debian.org

# 软件包选择
tasksel tasksel/first multiselect standard, ssh-server
d-i pkgsel/include string openssh-server vim curl wget sudo net-tools
d-i pkgsel/upgrade select full-upgrade
d-i pkgsel/update-policy select none
d-i pkgsel/updatedb boolean true

# ==================== GRUB引导器 ====================
d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean true
d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean true
d-i grub-installer/bootdev string /dev/sda

# ==================== 完成安装 ====================
d-i finish-install/reboot_in_progress note
d-i cdrom-detect/eject boolean true

目录